One of the numerous projects I’ve been juggling over the past few months has been a redesign of the Greenbelt Festival website. That redesign went live late last night.

Working from Wilf’s designs I initially built new HTML and CSS templates and began to establish some rules for how we’d handle the new image management requirements for a site that is now very photo-heavy. When it came time to apply the new designs to the CMS, however, it became apparent that there was a much bigger job ahead.

That CMS (a bundle of custom PHP that I had inherited) has grown over time and within some quite onerous server configuration constraints to a point where it was due a significant overhaul. Sticking with PHP was a fixed requirement as we’re relying on various APIs and a server architecture that wouldn’t be happy with me shifting to, say, rails, but already having the problem domain mapped out and the opportunity to radically simplify a few things meant I got to enjoy the feeling of stripping out a lot of code without impairing functionality.

One note that Derek Sivers made in his controversial blog entry last year about switching from Rails to PHP was that working with Rails had made him a better PHP developer. I’ve found a similar effect. I have no intention of leaving the world of Rails (I still prefer it by orders of magnitude), but tackling projects like this in PHP are a reminder that working for a while with really good tools is likely to encourage you to seek out best practice in whatever environment you end up in.

Ruby developers who occasionally work on PHP projects as I do may be interested to note that we are using capistrano for deployment, and I intend to use rspec for some testing. I’ll try to write that up once it’s in place.

With a refreshed CMS, new templates, and some standardisation of our many javascript files on top of a jquery foundation, Paul, Greenbelt’s was able to manage the photos and copy to turn that new look into a vibrant and content-rich new site. You can see a few notes he wrote about the redesign on the site.

There’s still a fair way to go. I’ve got a lot of tests to write in order to make it easier for us to make further changes, and various aspects of the site are more than ready for a more fundamental rethink that will let the festival open up its archives better, but all concerned are very pleased to present the fruit of our labours.

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With PHP 5.3 looking very close to release, bringing with it significant changes such as namespaces, this is an awkward time to release a PHP book of any generality. Within a few months it will be clearer how well the new features are taking hold and there is almost certainly going to be a clamour for books that show how new features affect development practices and how to make use of them. Even without that, it is hard to recommend this book as it fails to live up to its promise and provides a poor introduction to Object-Oriented programming.

The book’s first problem is the poor quality of the English contained. The author does not appear to be a native English speaker and the publisher has apparently done little to clean up the language. For the most part that simply makes for some curious rhythm and phrasing but there are a number of places where it contributes to inaccuracies, such as constant confusion between objects and classes. Finding such inaccuracies alongside mistakes such as confusing polymorphism and inheritance I’m left wondering how well the authors really know their subject. Packt would do well to employ another reviewer to clean up the syntax and definitions before any reprints.

The structure of the book is curious. Rather than approaching topics through the use of an example project or projects, the author gives disconnected samples, often offering little beyond that which can be found in the online PHP documentation and generally failing to explain how techniques would be useful. While he insists that PHP5’s Reflection API is an important tool, there is little to back up that assertion. There’s a large code sample and a list of the methods and attributes of a reflection object, but no real substance. The database section covers some key examples, such as PDO, ADODB and MDB2, and touches on the ActiveRecord pattern, but uses four pages to list the RDBMSs that ADODB supports and then only spends a page and a half on ActiveRecord, failing to explain either its concepts or advantages in any detail.

The high point of the book is the half chapter on unit testing. A few well chosen examples provide a demonstration of how code can be tested and how that allows for refactoring without fear of regressions. The reasons for unit testing are clear as is basic usage of PHPUnit. I’d have liked to see further examples rather than several pages listing all the default assertions PHPUnit provides, and I disagree with the claim that there should never be more than one assertion per test (individual tests should focus on a single concern, but can use multiple assertions to do so) but by that point in the book it was good just to see a section that made its point clearly.

Fundamentally, I came away from this book feeling it had failed to communicate clearly the core principles or reasons for object oriented programming. By trying to cram in too much reference material, not offering clear contexts for each technique, and not lingering on ideas like encapsulation the book fails to instill OO techniques.

Disclaimer: I was sent a copy of this book for review by the publisher. You can find it at packt, amazon US, amazon UK and all sorts of other places.

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It’s surprising given drupal’s popularity that there aren’t more books covering it in detail. Site launches and contributions by the likes of lullabot and bryght have pushed the CMS’ profile and recent releases have emphasised the Web 2.0 potential, but a quick look at amazon reveals only four related titles. Of the four, Pro Drupal Development is definitely the most developer focussed.

This isn’t a book for a drupal newbie. Going in you’ll want to have spent at least a little time setting up a drupal site or two, and while there’s no need to be a PHP guru the authors do presume you’re not going to need help understanding their code samples. They focus on drupal’s internals, with a lot of time spent writing modules, understanding the user, node, menu, theme and related systems, and a little attention for performance optimisation.

There’s a lot of ground to cover and most chapters are short, giving just the essentials on each area. You’ll probably want to pause from time to time to try out the code samples unless you’re already experienced at writing drupal modules. Having written a number of modules and run into various problems I found I was able to focus on the new information and how it would have affected my approach, but if this is new ground the structure of the book may make it rather overwhelming.

The writers are keen to encourage their readers to read the book in order, and some chapters certainly do build on their predecessors, but the real strength of this is likely to be as a reference guide. A quick once-through will help newcomers to module development get a sense of how everything fits together, but chances are you’ll then want to refer back when you actually encounter problems that a given chapter can help with.

I was disappointed not to see more coverage of testing drupal code. As I mentioned yesterday, the lack of attention paid to automated testing in the drupal community frustrates me and it seems that for a book like this to not to provide some coverage of sensible testing regimens is a missed opportunity. Similarly, it would be really good to have some coverage of deployment tips, particularly relating to upgrading active sites. Both of those seem to me like core topics for any book purporting to provide a guide for professionals, but the priorities of the book mirror those of the drupal community where neither topic appears to be a significant concern.

For any experienced developer who needs to get to grips with the insides of drupal and/or write custom extensions, this book will be invaluable. The style won’t suit those looking for a broader scope or lengthier tutorials, but it will help you get to grips with each of the major components quickly and provide enough information to set you on your way. Hopefully it will also trigger further writing about drupal, which may cover more ground and help developers bring some other vital practices to their drupal work.

Disclaimer: I was sent a copy of this book for review by the publisher. You can find it at apress, amazon US, amazon UK and all sorts of other places.

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As I’ve indicated here a few times, when announcing site launches and offering a few hints and tips, I fairly frequently find myself working with Drupal but have long had reservations about doing so. What I’ve so far avoided doing is going into much detail about why that would be, what those reservations are, and so on. But now I’m working on a review of a Drupal book and so it seems appropriate to lay those cards on the table and look at the details on them. It seems easiest to do that by comparing with the framework I do most of my development in: Ruby on Rails.

As ever with technology comparisons, just like any other sort of comparison, a lot of my preference for rails boils down to a combination of taste and experience. I’m also well aware that I’m comparing unlike things. Rails and Drupal set out to solve different problems, and so obviously take quite different approaches. That doesn’t mean, however, that developers aren’t often left choosing between them as the boundaries are blurred and there is significant overlap between their respective domains.

I’ve seen plenty of bad ruby code, but proportionately I’ve seen a lot more bad PHP, and as a PHP-based solution Drupal inherits some of that baggage. Drupal has pretty good support for a wide range of cutting-edge ideas and tools, but by and large the Rails community has seemed much more clued-in to what’s happening at the forefront of web development. That may of course change as the Rails community continues to transition from being chiefly early adopters to a much more mainstream crowd, but it marked my early impressions of the framework.

A case in point is the integration of automated testing in Rails. There is some community support for automated testing in Drupal (primarily through the simpletest module) and there are plenty of Rails projects that lack tests, but there is a strong focus on Test-Driven and Behaviour-Driven development in the Rails community, and the combination of Rails’ object orientation, simple rake tasks and fixtures/mocks makes it very simple to write a solid test kit.

Testing is complicated by the hooks system in Drupal. Hooks are a powerful feature, allowing any module to broadcast and listen for a variety of events and respond appropriately, but it can be difficult to know what order modules will receive those events and so you end up performing a variety of contortions to make sure your responses are given the appropriate weight. Arguably Rails’ layers of filters and plugins can introduce similar complications and I’ve certainly spent quite a bit of time tracking down performance hits coming from rogue filters in plugins and engines, but so long as inheritance is properly handled it’s not all that difficult to do a little introspection to make sure everything’s in its right place.

The fact that Drupal relies heavily on web-based configuration makes it easy to put a lot of power in the hands of admin users, reducing the reliance on a developer, but it also makes upgrades and deployments a more complex business. When I add a new module to an existing Drupal project I usually find myself noting down the steps I take to configure it in my development and/or staging environments so that I can repeat that process in production. In a Rails project I’d write a migration and set up capistrano to run that migration when I push my new version live, significantly reducing duplication. The Drupal approach may be simpler for non-developers, but as a developer I frequently get frustrated at the repetition of tasks that could be so much easier.

That issue is one of the key things pushing me away from the nice-in-concept CCK. Adding new content types to a site through a web interface is an appealing idea, but it’s a pain to have to work out how that changed things in my database to produce a script, or to have to repeat a manual process. Since I know how, I’m much more likely to produce a module for my new content type, simply because I know that deploying that is a much quicker process.

One reason it’s been fascinating reading the Drupal book I’m currently reviewing is that books on Drupal are so thin on the ground. That’s a real shame as while there’s a lot of content on Drupal online, it’s not really been well organised for experienced developers wanting to build serious solutions who aren’t already intimately involved with Drupal. By contrast, while the Rails books are mixed in quality the best ones not only get you up and running fairly quickly, but provide a good entrance to exploring the internals and writing effective extensions. That’s not necessarily a reflection on the core projects themselves, but both online documentation (where, admittedly, Rails is still lacking) and books make a significant difference to the developer eco-system and quality of the solutions that are likely to be built.

I don’t mean to sound too negative, and I’d love to receive comments showing me how to address the shortcomings I perceive. I’ve built sites I’m proud of on top of Drupal, and where their focus is a good fit for Drupal’s core features or mainstream modules it’s been a very good solution, providing a suite of content management tools at very little cost. But as soon as there’s serious custom development to do, those advantages tend to dissipate pretty quickly when set alongside the advantages of Rails for agile, regularly upgraded and well tested solutions.

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With a few projects coming to an end it turns out I have some time on my hands that I could do with filling with some paying work. I’m an experienced web developer, having been building sites and applications for eleven or twelve years now. I prefer to work with Ruby on Rails, and have been doing so for two years, but am comfortable in a range of environments and want my tools to match the project as well as possible. I frequently find myself working with drupal, and as an eight-year PHP veteran, that’s okay.

I’m particularly passionate about helping charities, music organisations, and magazine publishers make use of the web as effectively as possible. I can help such organisations work out how what they do in other environments translates to the web, and then to build the tools to make that happen. I prefer nuance to buzzwords, but I can throw around the appropriate Web 2.0 terms if I have to.

(and if you don’t fit in that list but have a project you think I might find interesting, I’m still interested in hearing from you)

I’m used to working solo, or in a small team, and have experience of leading teams as well as being a member. I’d prefer something in or around London, but usually work from home and am quite open to remote working.

I’ve got three, or maybe four days available for the next couple of months. You can reach me at james@jystewart.net to find out more.

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